CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Speech sound are
certain sound heard, produced trough definite actions performed by the organs
of speech and used in oral communications. An ideal description hould include
information concerning the production, transmission, and reception stage of
sounds. It means it should describe a sound and terms the movement of the
organs of speech, the nature of sound which is produced and the feature
perceived by the receiver.
The [m] and [n]
sounds should be studied together. They are produced in the same part of the
mouth (the front) with the tongue in the same place.And the [m] sound is a
voiced same like [n] sound is a voiced as well. Therefore in this paper
compiler will discuss the description and classification of the speech sound
letter correctly, especially for the letter [m] and [n].
B.
Problem of Study
1. What is the meaning of phonetic
alphabet?
2. How to produce letters [m] and [n]?
C.
Purpose
1. To
tell definition about phonetic alphabet.
2. To
show how to produce [m] and [n] letters.
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
A.
Phonetic
Alphabet
Phonetics is a branch of Linguistic science and is
part of Phonology. Phonetic alphabet it is necessary to use a special alphabet
to show the pronunciation of English words, because the ordinary English
alphabet does not have enough letters to represent all the sounds of the
language.
Here are some phonetic notions :
1. According
to Hari Mukti Kridalaksana in his
Linguistics dictionary, he said that phonetic is :
-
Science that investigates produce ,
delivery and acceptance of language sounds, interdisciplinary linguistic
science with anatomical and psychological physics.
-
Language sound system.
2. According
to Peter Roach, Phonetics is
transcription, phonetics. “The representing of speech in written form by
the use of phonetic symbol”.
3. According
to William O’Grady, Comtemporary
Linguistic, An introduction. “Articulatory phonetic : One way studies the physiological
mecanism, of speech production”.
B.
Classification
of letters [m] and [n]
The [m] and [n] sounds we should be studied together.
They are produced in the same part of the mouth (the front) with the tongue in
the same place. And the [m] sound is a voiced same like [n] sound is a voiced
as well.
Here are classification of [m] and [n] letters :
1. Vocal
of cord
Let us know what the meaning of voiced and voiceless
first.
a. Voiced
A voiced consonant is
a consonant that is produced with the help of the vocal cords. A good way to
tell if a consonant is voiced is to touch your fingers to your throat. If the
consonant is voiced, you will feel a vibration.
b. Voiceless
A voiceless consonant is a consonant that is produced without the help of
the vocal cords. Place your fingers on your throat when speaking a voiceless
consonant and you will only feel a rush of air through your throat.
The
letters [m] and [n] is a voiced sound because the vocal cords vibrate. This sound produced with the help by
the vocal cords. You can hear the [m] and [n].
2. Place
of Articulation
The letters [m] are Bilabial. Bilabial is sound formed
using both upper and lower lips. For the example, sounds in the word make and
mouth that is bilabials. They are presented by the symbols [m], which is voiced,
and the letters [n] are dental,dental consonants occur when you block/constrict
airflow by placing your slimy tongue against your upper teeth.
3. Manner
of Articulation
The letters [m] and [n] are Plosive/ Stop Sounds. The
out going air is completely blockage in the mouth passage by the two
articulators while producing the sounds, then the air stream is suddenly
released. So that the air escapes with the explosives.
C.
Examples
Front
|
Middle
|
End/
Last
|
Many
(mene)
|
Smoke
(smok)
|
Swim
(swim)
|
Man
(man)
|
Jump
(jamp)
|
Film
(film)
|
Mouse
(mouse)
|
Harmed
(harmed)
|
Bottom
(bad’em)
|
Make
(mae’k)
|
Comb
(kom)
|
Bloom
(bloom)
|
Some
(som)
|
Hummer
(haem’er)
|
Mom
(mam)
|
Front
|
Middle
|
End/
Last
|
Night
(nit)
|
Snow
(sno)
|
Warn
(worn)
|
New
(n(y)oo)
|
King
(kiNG)
|
Win
(win)
|
Name
(naem)
|
Singer
(siNGer)
|
Ran
(ren)
|
Noise
(noiz)
|
Think
(ThiNG’k)
|
Sun
(san)
|
Nation
(neisn)
|
Wing
(wiNG)
|
Son
(san)
|
CHAPTER
III
CLOSING
A. Conclution
Vocal of cord [m] is voiced, and [n] is voiced as well.
Place of articulation [m] and [n] are bilabial and dental. The manner of
articulation of the letters [m] and [n] belongs to the category of Plosive
because the resulting sound is explodes.
B.
Sugestion
We
have to learn and practice more about how to pronounce / produce the sound of a
letter so that our English is better and truly true.
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